Raadinta joogteynta, dareemayaasha ayaa yareynaya waqtiyada wareegga, isticmaalka tamarta iyo qashinka, otomaatigga xakamaynta habka xirxiran iyo kordhinta aqoonta, furitaanka fursadaha cusub ee wax soo saarka iyo qaab-dhismeedka.
Dareemayaasha bidixda (kor ilaa hoose): qulqulka kulaylka (TFX), dielectrics-caaryada (Lambient), ultrasonics (Jaamacadda Augsburg), dielectrics la tuuri karo (Synthesites) iyo inta u dhaxaysa pennies iyo thermocouples Microwire (AvPro) .Graphs (sare, saacada dhinaceeda): Collo dielectric joogto ah (CP) oo ka soo horjeeda Collo ionic viscosity (CIV), caabbinta resin oo ka soo horjeeda wakhtiga (Synthesites) iyo qaabka dhijitaalka ah ee kaprolactam ee preforms ee la geliyay iyadoo la adeegsanayo dareemayaasha korantada (Mashruuca CosiMo, DLR ZLP, Jaamacadda Augsburg).
Iyada oo warshadaha adduunku ay sii wadaan inay ka soo baxaan masiibada COVID-19, waxay u wareegtay inay mudnaanta siiso sii jiritaankeeda, taas oo u baahan yaraynta qashinka iyo isticmaalka kheyraadka (sida tamarta, biyaha iyo agabka) Natiijo ahaan, wax soo saarku waa inuu noqdaa mid hufan oo caqli badan Laakiin tani waxay u baahan tahay macluumaad. Wixii ka kooban, xaggee xogtani ka timi?
Sida lagu sharraxay maqaallada taxanaha ah ee CW's 2020 Composites 4.0, qeexidda cabbirrada loo baahan yahay si loo hagaajiyo tayada qayb iyo wax soo saarka, iyo dareemayaasha loo baahan yahay si loo gaaro cabbirradaas, waa tallaabada ugu horreysa ee wax soo saarka smart. Inta lagu jiro 2020 iyo 2021, CW ayaa ka warbixisay dareemayaasha-dielectric dareemayaasha, dareemayaasha qulqulka kulaylka, dareemayaasha fiber optic, iyo dareemayaasha aan xidhiidhka lahayn ee isticmaalaya ultrasonic iyo hirarka elektromagnetic-iyo sidoo kale mashaariicda muujinaya awoodooda (eeg CW's online content set content). agabka, faa'iidooyinkooda iyo caqabadaha ay ballanqaadeen, iyo muuqaalka teknoolojiyadda ee horumarinta
Shabakadda dareemayaasha ee CosiMo Shabakadda dareemayaasha 74 - 57 kuwaas oo ah dareemayaasha ultrasonic ee laga sameeyay Jaamacadda Augsburg (oo lagu muujiyay dhinaca midig, dhibco buluug ah oo khafiif ah oo ku yaal qaybaha kore ee caaryada hoose) - waxaa loo isticmaalaa bandhiga Lid ee T-RTM naqshadaynta mashruuca CosiMo ee baytariyada heerkulbeegga isku dhafan.Sawirka credit: Mashruuca CosiMo, DLR ZLP Augsburg, Jaamacadda Augsburg
Hadafka #1: Keydso lacag mashruuca lagu soo saaro muujinta daboolka batteriga EV (qalabka isku dhafan ee gaadiidka smart) .Qeyb ka mid ah waxaa la soo saaray iyadoo la isticmaalayo thermoplastic resin transfer molding (T-RTM), kaas oo polymerizes caprolactam monomer in situ galay polyamide 6 (PA6) composite ah.Markus Sause, Professor. UNA iyo Madaxa Shabakadda Wax-soosaarka Sirdoonka Artificial (AI) ee UNA ee Augsburg, ayaa sharraxaysa sababta dareemayaasha ay muhiim u yihiin: "Fa'iidada ugu weyn ee aan bixinno waa aragtida waxa ka dhacaya gudaha sanduuqa madow inta lagu jiro habaynta. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, soo saarayaasha intooda badani waxay leeyihiin nidaamyo xaddidan si ay tan u gaaraan. Tusaale ahaan, waxay isticmaalaan dareemayaal aad u fudud ama gaar ah marka la isticmaalayo faleebo resin si ay u sameeyaan qaybo hawada sare ah. Haddii habka faleebogu khaldan yahay, waxaad asal ahaan haysataa gabal weyn oo qashinka ah. Laakiin haddii aad haysatid xalal aad ku fahamto waxa ka qaldamay geeddi-socodkii wax-soo-saarka iyo sababta, waad hagaajin kartaa oo aad sixi kartaa, lacag badan ayaad ku badbaadin kartaa.
Thermocouples waa tusaale "fudud ama dareeme gaar ah" kaas oo la isticmaalayey tobanaan sano si loola socdo heerkulka laminates isku dhafan inta lagu jiro daaweynta autoclave ama foornada. Xitaa waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu xakameeyo heerkulka foornada ama bustayaal kululaynta si loo daaweeyo balastarrada dayactirka isku dhafan iyadoo la isticmaalayo Thermal bonders.Sareyaasha resin waxay isticmaalaan dareemayaal kala duwan oo ku jira shaybaarka si ay ula socdaan isbeddelada viscosity resin waqti iyo heerkulka si ay u horumariyaan hababka daaweynta. Maxaa soo baxaya, si kastaba ha ahaatee, waa shabakad dareeme ah oo sawiri karta oo xakameyn karta habka wax soo saarka ee goobta ku salaysan. cabbirro badan (tusaale, heerkulka iyo cadaadiska) iyo xaaladda walaxda (tusaale, viscosity, aggregation, crystallization).
Tusaale ahaan, dareemaha ultrasonic ee loo sameeyay mashruuca CosiMo wuxuu isticmaalaa mabaadi'da la midka ah ee kormeerka ultrasonic, kaas oo noqday saldhigga ugu muhiimsan ee baaritaanka aan burburin (NDI) ee qaybaha isku dhafan ee la dhammeeyey. Petros Karapapas, Injineer Sare ee Meggitt (Loughborough, UK), Wuxuu yiri: "Ujeedkayagu waa inaan yareyno waqtiga iyo shaqada looga baahan yahay kormeerka soo-saarka kadib ee qaybaha mustaqbalka markaan u dhaqaaqno dhinaca wax soo saarka dhijitaalka ah." Xarunta Qalabka (NCC, Bristol, UK) iskaashiga si loo muujiyo la socodka Solvay (Alpharetta, GA, USA) EP 2400 giraanta inta lagu guda jiro RTM iyadoo la adeegsanayo dareeme dielectric toosan oo laga sameeyay Jaamacadda Cranfield (Cranfield, UK) Socodka iyo daaweynta oxyresin Dherer 1.3 m ah, ballac 0.8m ah iyo 0.4m qolof isku jira oo qoto dheer oo loogu talagalay mishiinka diyaaradaha ganacsiga ee kulaylka. tijaabi qayb kasta, "ayuu yiri Karapapas." Hadda, waxaanu samaynaa baalal tijaabo ah oo ku xiga qaybahan RTM ka dibna waxaan samaynaa tijaabo farsamo si loo xaqiijiyo wareegga daaweynta. Laakiin dareenkan, taasi lagama maarmaan maaha.”
Collo Probe waxa lagu dhex milmay weelka isku dhafka rinjiga (goobada cagaarka ah ee sare) si loo ogaado marka la isku qasin yahay dhammays tir, badbaadinta wakhtiga iyo tamarta.Sawirka credit: ColloidTek Oy
"Hadafkeenu maaha inaan noqono qalab kale oo shaybaar, laakiin inaan diirada saarno hababka wax soo saarka," ayuu yiri Matti Järveläinen, maamulaha iyo aasaasaha ColloidTek Oy (Kolo, Tampere, Finland). isku-darka dareemayaasha goobta korantada (EMF), farsamaynta calaamadaha iyo falanqaynta xogta si loo cabbiro "faraha" dareeraha kasta sida monomers, resins ama adhesives. Si fiican u fahan sida habkaagu run ahaantii u shaqaynayo kana falceliyo marka ay arrimuhu khaldamaan, ayuu yidhi Järveläinen. "Dareemaheena waxay u beddelaan xogta wakhtiga dhabta ah tiro jireed oo la fahmi karo oo la shaqayn karo, sida viscosity rheological, taas oo u oggolaanaysa hagaajinta habka. Tusaale ahaan, waxaad soo gaabin kartaa waqtiyada isku darka sababtoo ah waxaad si cad u arki kartaa marka isku darka la dhammeeyo. Sidaa darteed, adiga oo la leh Waxaad kordhin kartaa wax soo saarka, badbaadin kartaa tamarta oo aad yarayn kartaa qashinka marka la barbar dhigo habaynta la hagaajiyay.
Hadafka #2: Kordhi aqoonta habka iyo aragga. Nidaamyada sida isku-darka, Järveläinen wuxuu leeyahay, "Ma arki doontid macluumaad badan oo ka mid ah sawir-qaadis. Waxaad uun qaadaysaa muunad oo aad gelaysaa shaybaadhka oo aad eegaysaa siday ahayd daqiiqado ama saacado ka hor. Waxa ay la mid tahay in aad waddo weyn ku dhex waddo, saacad walba indhahaaga fur hal daqiiqo oo isku day in aad saadaaliso halka ay waddo u mareyso.” Sause wuu aqbalay, isagoo xusay in shabakadda dareemayaasha lagu sameeyay CosiMo "waxay naga caawisaa inaan helno sawir dhamaystiran oo ku saabsan habka iyo habdhaqanka alaabta. Waxaan ku arki karnaa saameynta maxalliga ah ee habka, iyada oo laga jawaabayo Kala duwanaanshaha dhumucda qayb ahaan ama walxaha isku dhafan sida xudunta xumbo. Waxa aan isku dayeyno inaan sameyno waa inaan bixinno macluumaadka ku saabsan waxa dhabta ah ee ka dhacaya caaryada. Tani waxay noo ogolaanaysaa inaanu go'aamino macluumaadka kala duwan sida qaabka socodka hore, imaatinka wakhti qayb kasta iyo heerka isku-darka meel kasta oo dareeme ah. "
Collo wuxuu la shaqeeyaa saarayaasha xabagta epoxy, rinji iyo xataa biirka si ay u abuuraan profiles habka ee Dufcaddii kasta production.Now saaraha kasta eegi kartaa firfircoonida geeddi-socodka iyo dhigay xuduudaha dheeraad ah la hagaajiyey, iyadoo digniino si ay u farageliyaan marka Dufcadaha ka baxsan Specification.This ka caawisaa. xasilin oo kor u qaad tayada.
Fiidiyowga qulqulka hore ee qaybta CosiMo (galitaanka cirbadeynta waa dhibicda cad ee bartamaha) sida shaqada waqtiga, oo ku saleysan xogta cabbirka ee shabakada dareemayaasha caaryada.Sawirka sawirka: Mashruuca CosiMo, DLR ZLP Augsburg, Jaamacadda Augsburg
"Waxaan rabaa in aan ogaado waxa dhacaya inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka qayb ka mid ah, ma furin sanduuqa oo arag waxa dhacaya ka dib," Meggitt's Karapapas ayaa yidhi." Alaabooyinka aan soo saarnay anagoo adeegsanayna dareemayaasha dielectric ee Cranfield ayaa noo ogolaatay inaan aragno habka gudaha, sidoo kale waxaan awoodnay si loo xaqiijiyo daaweynta resinka." Isticmaalka dhammaan lixda nooc ee dareemayaasha hoos lagu sharraxay (ma aha liis dhammaystiran, kaliya xulasho yar, alaab-qeybiyeyaal, sidoo kale), waxay la socon karaan daaweynta / polymerization iyo socodka resin. Qaar ka mid ah dareemayaasha waxay leeyihiin awoodo dheeraad ah, iyo noocyada dareenka isku dhafan waxay ballaarin karaan fursadaha raadraaca iyo aragtida. inta lagu guda jiro qaabaynta isku dhafan.Tani waxaa lagu soo bandhigay inta lagu guda jiro CosiMo, kaas oo isticmaalay ultrasonic, dielectric iyo piezoresistive in-hab dareemayaal heerkulka iyo cabbirada cadaadiska by Kistler (Winterthur, Switzerland).
Hadafka #3: Iska yaree wakhtiga wareegga Resins-ka degdega ah ee codsiyada sida Dhaqdhaqaaqa Hawada Magaalada (UAM), kaas oo bixin doona wareegyo daawaynta degdega ah marka la barbar dhigo epoxiyada hal-qayb ee hadda jira sida RTM6.
Dareemayaasha Collo waxay sidoo kale kormeeri karaan oo ay arki karaan epoxy-ga la soo saarayo, la isku duray oo la daaweeyay, iyo marka nidaam kastaa uu dhammaado. Dhammaynta daaweynta iyo hababka kale ee ku salaysan xaaladda dhabta ah ee walxaha la warshadeeyay (oo ka soo horjeeda wakhtiga dhaqameed iyo cuntooyinka heerkulka) waxaa loo yaqaannaa maadada maamulka gobolka. (MSM) .Shirkadaha sida AvPro (Norman, Oklahoma, USA) waxay daba socdeen MSM muddo tobanaan sano ah si ay ula socdaan isbeddelada qaybaha iyo hababka iyada oo la raacayo bartilmaameedyo gaar ah oo loogu talagalay heerkulka kala-guurka galaaska (Tg), viscosity, polymerization iyo / ama crystallization .Tusaale ahaan, shabakada dareemayaasha iyo falanqaynta dhijitaalka ah ee CosiMo ayaa loo isticmaalay si loo go'aamiyo wakhtiga ugu yar ee loo baahan yahay si loo kululeeyo saxaafadda RTM iyo caaryada waxaana la ogaaday in 96% polymerization ugu badnaan lagu gaaray 4.5 daqiiqo.
Alaab-qeybiyeyaasha dareemayaasha Dielectric sida Lambient Technologies (Cambridge, MA, USA), Netzsch (Selb, Germany) iyo Synthesites (Uccle, Belgium) ayaa sidoo kale muujiyay awoodda ay u leeyihiin inay yareeyaan waqtiyada wareegga. ) iyo Bombardier Belfast (hadda Ruuxa AeroSystems (Belfast, Ireland)) ayaa sheegaysa in ku saleysan cabbirada waqtiga-dhabta ah ee caabbinta resin iyo heerkulka, iyada oo loo marayo unugga helitaanka xogta Optimold iyo Optiview Software waxay u beddeshaa viscosity qiyaasta iyo Tg. "Warshadaha ayaa arki kara Tg wakhtiga dhabta ah, si ay go'aan uga gaadhaan goorta la joojinayo wareegga daawaynta," ayuu yidhi Nikos Pantelelis, Agaasimaha Synthesites. "Ma aha inay sugaan si ay u dhamaystiraan wareegga wareejinta oo ka dheer intii loo baahnaa. Tusaale ahaan, wareegga dhaqameed ee RTM6 waa daweyn buuxda oo 2-saac ah oo ah 180 ° C. Waxaan aragnay in tani 70 daqiiqo lagu soo gaabin karo joomatariyada qaarkood. Tan waxa kale oo lagu muujiyay mashruuca INNOTOOL 4.0 (eeg "Accelerating RTM with Heat Flux Sensors"), halkaas oo isticmaalka dareeraha dareeraha kulaylku uu ka gaabiyay wareegga daaweynta RTM6 min 120 daqiiqo ilaa 90 daqiiqo.
Hadafka # 4: Xakamaynta xirxiran ee hababka la qabsiga. Mashruuca CosiMo, ujeedada ugu dambeysa waa in la xakameeyo xakamaynta xiran inta lagu jiro wax soo saarka qaybaha isku dhafan. Tani sidoo kale waa yoolka ZAero iyo iComposite 4.0 mashaariicda ay soo sheegeen CW 2020 (30-50% qiimaha dhimista) .Ogsoonow in kuwani ay ku lug leeyihiin habab kala duwan - meelaynta otomatiga ah ee cajaladda prepreg (ZAero) iyo buufinta fiber preforming marka la barbar dhigo cadaadiska sare ee T-RTM ee CosiMo ee RTM oo leh epoxy dhakhso ah (iComposite 4.0) .Dhammaan Mashruucyadani waxay isticmaalaan dareemayaasha leh moodooyinka dhijitaalka ah iyo algorithms si ay u ekaysiiyaan habka oo ay u saadaaliyaan natiijada qaybta dhammaatay.
Xakamaynta nidaamka waxaa loo malayn karaa inay tahay tillaabo taxane ah, Sause ayaa sharaxay.Tallaabada ugu horreysa waa in la isku daro dareemayaasha iyo habka qalabka, ayuu yidhi, "si loo sawiro waxa ka socda sanduuqa madow iyo xuduudaha la isticmaalo. Tillaabooyinka kale ee yar, laga yaabee kala bar kantaroolka xiran, ayaa awood u leh inay riixaan badhanka joogsiga si ay u dhexgalaan, Hagaaji habka oo ka hortag qaybaha la diiday. Talaabada ugu dambeysa, waxaad samayn kartaa mataano dhijitaal ah, kaas oo si toos ah loo samayn karo, laakiin sidoo kale u baahan maalgelinta hababka barashada mashiinka." Gudaha CosiMo, maalgashigani wuxuu awood u siinayaa dareemayaasha inay ku quudiyaan xogta mataanaha dhijitaalka ah, falanqaynta Edge ( xisaabaadka lagu sameeyay cidhifka khadka wax soo saarka iyo xisaabinta kaydka xogta dhexe) ayaa markaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu saadaaliyo dhaqdhaqaaqa hore ee socodka, nuxurka mugga fiber ee qaabkii hore ee dharka iyo meelaha qallalan ee suurtogalka ah.” Sida ugu habboon, waxaad dejin kartaa jaangooyooyin si aad awood ugu yeelatid kontoroolka xidhxidhan iyo hagaajinta hawsha,” Sause ayaa yidhi.” Kuwaas waxa ku jiri doona cabbirro sida cadaadiska duritaanka, cadaadiska caaryada iyo heerkulka. Waxaad sidoo kale u isticmaali kartaa macluumaadkan si aad u wanaajiso alaabtaada."
Marka sidaas la sameeyo, shirkaduhu waxay isticmaalayaan dareemayaasha si ay u habeeyaan hababka.Tusaale ahaan, Synthesites waxay la shaqeyneysaa macaamiisheeda si ay u dhexgalaan dareemayaasha qalabka si ay u xiraan galka resinka marka faleebo la dhammeeyo, ama daar kulaylka marka la gaaro daaweynta bartilmaameedka ah.
Järveläinen wuxuu xusay in si loo go'aamiyo dareeraha ugu fiican kiis kasta oo la isticmaalo, "waxaad u baahan tahay inaad fahamto isbeddellada ku yimaada qalabka iyo habka aad rabto inaad la socoto, ka dibna waa inaad haysataa falanqeeye." Falanqeeyuhu wuxuu helaa xogta uu ururiyo su'aalaha ama qaybta xog-helidda. Xogta ceyriinka ah oo u beddel macluumaadka ay isticmaali karaan soo-saaraha. "Waxaad dhab ahaantii arkaysaa shirkado badan oo isku daraya dareemayaasha, laakiin markaa waxba ma sameeyaan xogta," Sause ayaa yidhi. Waxa loo baahan yahay, ayuu sharaxay, waa "nidaam ee helitaanka xogta, iyo sidoo kale qaab dhismeedka kaydinta xogta si loo awoodo in la habeeyo xogta."
" Isticmaalayaasha dhamaadka ma rabaan oo kaliya inay arkaan xogta ceeriin," ayuu yidhi Järveläinen." Waxay rabaan inay ogaadaan, 'habka la hagaajiyay?'" Goorma ayaa la qaadi karaa tallaabada xigta?" falanqaynta, ka dibna isticmaal barashada mashiinka si aad u dedejiso hawsha." Falanqaynta cidhifka iyo habka barashada mashiinka ee ay adeegsadaan kooxda Collo iyo CosiMo waxaa lagu gaari karaa khariidado viscosity, moodooyinka tirada ee socodka qulqulka resin ee hore, iyo Awooda ugu dambeyntii lagu xakameynayo cabirrada habka iyo mashiinada waa la sawiray.
Optimold waa falanqeeye ay soo saartay Synthesites oo loogu talagalay dareemeheeda dielectric. Waxaa gacanta ku haya Synthesites' Optiview software, unugga Optimold wuxuu isticmaalaa cabbirada heerkulka iyo caabbinta resin si loo xisaabiyo loona muujiyo garaafyada waqtiga dhabta ah si loo kormeero heerka resinka oo ay ku jiraan saamiga isku dhafka, gabowga kiimikada, viscosity, Tg iyo heerka daawaynta.Waxa loo isticmaali karaa in prepreg iyo hababka samaynta dareere ah.A unit gaar ah Optiflow waxaa loo isticmaalaa ilaalinta socodka socodka.Synthesites ayaa sidoo kale soo saaray simulator ah daaweynta oo aan u baahnayn a daawaynta a caaryada ama qayb, laakiin halkii ay isticmaalaan a Dareemayaasha heerkulka iyo resin/prepreg ee cutubkan falanqeeye. "Waxaan u isticmaaleynaa habkan casriga ah ee faleebada iyo daaweynta xabagta ee wax soo saarka marawaxadaha dabaysha," ayuu yiri Nikos Pantelelis, Agaasimaha Synthesites.
Nidaamyada xakamaynta habka synthesites waxay isku daraan dareemayaasha, Optiflow iyo/ama Optimold unugyada helitaanka xogta, iyo OptiView iyo/ama Online Resin Status (ORS) software.
Sidaa darteed, alaab-qeybiyeyaasha dareemayaasha intooda badani waxay soo saareen falanqeeyayaasha iyaga u gaar ah, qaar waxay isticmaalayaan barashada mashiinka iyo qaar aan ahayn. Laakiin kuwa wax soo saara waxay sidoo kale horumarin karaan nidaamyadooda gaarka ah ama iibsadaan qalabyada shelf-ka-baxsan waxayna wax ka beddelaan si ay u daboolaan baahiyo gaar ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, awoodda falanqaynta waa hal arrin oo kaliya ayaa la tixgelinayaa. Waxaa jira kuwo kale oo badan.
Xidhiidhku sidoo kale waa tixgelin muhiim ah marka la dooranayo dareeraha la isticmaalayo. Dareemuhu wuxuu u baahan karaa inuu la xiriiro walxaha, su'aalaha, ama labadaba. Tusaale ahaan, kulaylka kulaylka iyo dareemayaasha ultrasonic ayaa la gelin karaa caaryada RTM 1-20mm laga bilaabo dusha sare - kormeerka saxda ah uma baahna xiriir la leh walxaha ku jira caaryada. Dareemayaasha Ultrasonic waxay sidoo kale su'aalo weydiin karaan qaybo qoto dheer oo kala duwan iyadoo ku xiran inta jeer ee la isticmaalo. inta jeer ee su'aalaha - iyo iyada oo la marayo weel aan bir ahayn ama qalab xiriir la leh xabagta.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, microwires magnetic (eeg "La socoshada aan lala xidhiidhin ee heerkulka iyo cadaadiska gudaha isku dhafan") ayaa hadda ah dareemayaasha kaliya ee awood u leh inay su'aalo waydiiyaan isku-dhafka fogaan ah 10 cm. Taasi waa sababta oo ah waxay isticmaashaa induction electromagnetic si ay uga jawaabto dareenka, kaas oo waxay ku dhex jirtaa walxaha isku dhafan.AvPro's ThermoPulse microwire sensor, oo ku dhex jira lakabka dammaanadda koollada, ayaa lagu su'aalo iyada oo loo marayo 25mm fiber kaarboon qaro weyn si loo cabbiro heerkulka inta lagu jiro habka isku xidhka. Tan iyo markii microwires ay leeyihiin dhexroor timaha ah ee 3-70 microns, Ma saameeyaan waxqabadka isku dhafan ama bondline. Dhexroor yar oo ka weyn 100-200 microns, dareemayaasha fiber optic sidoo kale waa la dhex gelin karaa iyada oo aan hoos loo dhigin sifooyinka qaabdhismeedka. Sidoo kale, mar haddii dareemayaasha dielectric ay isticmaalaan danab si ay u cabbiraan guryaha xabagta, waa in sidoo kale lagu xidhaa su'aalle, badidoodna waa in ay la xiriiraan xabagta ay kormeerayaan.
Dareemka Collo Probe (sare) waxaa lagu dhex milmi karaa dareeraha, halka Collo Plate (hoose) lagu rakibay derbiga weelka/ weelka isku dhafka ah ama habka tuubbooyinka / khadka quudinta.Sawirka credit: ColloidTek Oy
Awoodda heerkulka dareemaha waa tixgelin kale oo muhiim ah.Tusaale ahaan, inta badan dareemayaasha ultrasonic-ka-baxsan waxay caadi ahaan ku shaqeeyaan heerkul ilaa 150 ° C, laakiin qaybaha CosiMo waxay u baahan yihiin in lagu sameeyo heerkul ka sarreeya 200 ° C. Sidaa darteed, UNA Dareemayaasha dielectric ee la tuuri karo ee Lambient waxa loo isticmaali karaa qaybo ka mid ah dusha sare ilaa 350°C Dareemaheeda microwire ee walxaha isku dhafan ee u adkeysan kara daaweynta 500 ° C. Iyadoo farsamada Collo Sensor lafteedu aysan lahayn xaddid heerkul aragti ah, gaashaanka dhalada ah ee kuleylka ah ee Collo Plate iyo polyethertherketone cusub (PEEK) guriyeynta Collo Probe labadaba waa la tijaabiyay Waajib joogto ah oo ah 150 ° C, sida uu qabo Järveläinen. Dhanka kale, PhotonFirst (Alkmaar, Nederland) waxay isticmaashay daahan polyimide ah si ay u bixiso heerkulka hawlgalka 350 ° C ee dareeraha fiber optic ee mashruuca SuCoHS, si joogto ah iyo kharash- isku dhafan heerkul sare oo waxtar leh.
Arrin kale oo loo baahan yahay in la tixgeliyo, gaar ahaan rakibaadda, waa haddii dareemaha uu cabbiro hal dhibic ama uu yahay dareeme toosan oo leh dhibco badan oo dareen ah.Tusaale ahaan, Com & Sens (Eke, Belgium) dareemayaasha fiber optic-ga waxay gaari karaan ilaa 100 mitir oo dherer ah oo muuqaal ah. ilaa 40 fiber Bragg grating (FBG) dhibcaha dareenka leh ee ugu hooseeya ee 1 cm. Dareemayaashan ayaa loo isticmaalay kormeerka caafimaadka qaabdhismeedka (SHM) ee buundooyinka isku dhafan ee 66-mitir iyo kormeerka socodka qulqulka resin inta lagu jiro faleebo sagxadaha buundada waaweyn.Rakibka Dareemayaasha dhibcaha shakhsi ahaaneed ee mashruucan oo kale waxay u baahan doonaan tiro badan oo dareemayaal iyo waqti badan oo rakibaadda. NCC iyo Jaamacadda Cranfield waxay sheeganayaan faa'iidooyin la mid ah dareemayaasha dielectric ee tooska ah. Dareemahayaga tooska ah, waxaan si joogto ah ula socon karnaa socodka resin-ka ee dhererka, taas oo si weyn u yaraynaysa tirada dareemayaasha looga baahan yahay qaybta ama qalabka.
AFP NLR ee Sensors Fiber Optic Cutub gaar ah ayaa lagu dhex daray kanaalka 8-aad ee madaxa Coriolis AFP si uu u dhigo afar xarkaha dareemayaasha fiber optic-ga heerkul sarreeya, fiber kaarboon oo la xoojiyay guddiga tijaabada isku dhafan.Sawirka credit: SuCoHS Project, NLR
Dareemayaasha tooska ah waxay sidoo kale caawiyaan rakibidda rakibidda.Mashruuca SuCoHS, Royal NLR (Xarunta Aerospace Nederland, Marknesse) waxay soo saartay unug gaar ah oo lagu dhex daray kanaalka 8th Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) madaxa Coriolis Composites (Queven, France) si loo dhejiyo afar qaybood (Queven, France) khadadka fiber optic kala duwan), mid kasta oo leh 5 ilaa 6 FBG dareemayaal (PhotonFirst waxay bixisaa wadarta guud ee 23 dareemayaal), oo ku jira muraayadaha tijaabada fiber carbon. dheer inta badan isku-dhafka microwires], laakiin si toos ah ayaa loo meeleeyaa marka rebar la soo saaro," ayuu yiri Ratislav Varga, aasaasaha RVmagnetics. "Waxaad haysataa fiilo microwire ah oo 1km ah. gariiradda fiilo oo ku quudi xarunta wax soo saarka rebar adoon bedelin habka rebar loo sameeyo." Dhanka kale, Com&Sens waxay ka shaqaynaysaa tignoolajiyada iswada si ay u dhex geliso dareemayaasha fiber-optic inta lagu jiro habka dabaysha filaha ee weelasha cadaadiska.
Sababtoo ah awoodda ay u leedahay in ay qabato koronto, fiber carbon waxay sababi kartaa dhibaatooyinka dareemayaasha dielectric. Dareemayaasha dielectric waxay isticmaalaan laba electrodes meel u dhow midba midka kale. Xaaladdan oo kale, isticmaal filtar.” Shaandheeyaha ayaa u oggolaanaya resinku inuu dhaafo dareemayaasha, laakiin wuxuu ka ilaaliyaa fiber-ka carbon. Dareemka tooska ah ee dielectric ee ay soo saareen Jaamacadda Cranfield iyo NCC waxay isticmaashaa hab kale, oo ay ku jiraan laba lammaane oo maroojin ah oo fiilooyinka copper ah.Marka koronto la isticmaalo, goob elektromagnetic ah ayaa ka dhex abuurma fiilooyinka, taas oo loo isticmaalo in lagu cabbiro impedance resin. leh polymer dahamiya oo aan saameyn ku yeelan garoonka korantada, laakiin ka hortagaya in fiber-ka kaarboonku uu soo gaabiyo.
Dabcan, kharashku sidoo kale waa arrin.Com&Sens waxay sheegaysaa in celceliska qiimaha barta dareenka FBG uu yahay 50-125 euro, taas oo laga yaabo inay hoos ugu dhacdo ilaa 25-35 euros haddii loo isticmaalo dufcadaha (tusaale, 100,000 maraakiibta cadaadiska). kaliya qayb yar oo ka mid ah awoodda wax soo saarka ee hadda iyo la saadaaliyay ee maraakiibta cadaadiska isku dhafan, fiiri CW's 2021 maqaalka hydrogen.) Meggitt's Karapas ayaa sheegay in uu helay dalabyo loogu talagalay khadadka fiber optic oo leh FBG dareemayaal celcelis ahaan £ 250 / dareeme (≈300 € / dareeme), Su'aalaha ayaa qiimihiisu yahay £10,000 (€12,000).” Dareenka dielectric toosan ee aanu tijaabinay waxa uu u ekaa silig dahaaran oo aad ka iibsan karto shelfka,” ayuu raaciyay. Cilmi-baare sare) ee Sayniska Nidaamka Isku-dhafka ee Jaamacadda Cranfield, "waa falanqeeye impedance, kaas oo ah mid aad u sax ah oo qiimihiisu yahay ugu yaraan £ 30,000 [≈ € 36,000], Laakiin NCC waxay isticmaashaa su'aalo aad u fudud oo asal ahaan ka kooban shelf-ka-baxsan. Qaybaha shirkadda ganacsiga Latali Deta [Bedford, UK]." Synthesites waxay soo xiganaysaa €1,190 oo loogu talagalay dareemayaasha caaryada ku jira iyo €20 ee hal-isticmaalka/qaybta dareemaha ee EUR, Optiflow waxaa laga soo xigtay EUR 3,900 iyo Optimold ee EUR 7,200, oo leh qiimo dhimis sii kordhaya oo loogu talagalay cutubyo falanqeeye badan. Qiimahaas waxaa ka mid ah software Optiview iyo wax kasta Taageerada lagama maarmaanka ah, ayuu yiri Pantelelis, isaga oo intaa ku daray in soo-saareyaasha dabaysha dabaysha ay badbaadiyaan 1.5 saacadood wareeggiiba, ku daraan xariiq kasta bishiiba, waxayna yareeyaan isticmaalka tamarta boqolkiiba 20, iyada oo dib u soo celinta maalgashiga afar bilood oo keliya.
Shirkadaha isticmaala dareemayaasha waxay heli doonaan faa'iido sida isku-dhafka 4.0 ee wax soo saarka dhijitaalka ah. Tusaale ahaan, ayuu yidhi Grégoire Beauduin, Agaasimaha Horumarinta Ganacsiga ee Com & Sens, "Sida saarayaasha maraakiibta cadaadiska ay isku dayaan inay yareeyaan miisaanka, isticmaalka alaabta iyo qiimaha, waxay isticmaali karaan dareemayaashayada si ay u caddeeyaan. naqshadahooda iyo la socdaan wax soo saarka marka ay gaaraan heerarka loo baahan yahay by 2030. Isla dareemayaal loo isticmaalo si loo qiimeeyo heerka cadaadiska gudaha lakabyada inta lagu guda jiro fiilo dabaysha iyo daaweyntu waxay sidoo kale kormeeri karaan daacadnimada taangiga inta lagu jiro kumanaan wareegyada shidaal-qaadista, saadaaliya dayactirka loo baahan yahay iyo dib-u-xaqiijinta dhamaadka naqshadeynta nolosha. Waxaan awoodnaa Barkadda xogta mataanaha ah ee dhijitaalka ah ayaa la siiyaa markab kasta oo cadaadis isku dhafan oo la soo saaro, xalka sidoo kale waxaa loo sameeyay satalaytka.
Awoodsiinta mataanaha dhijitaalka ah iyo dunta Com&Sens waxay la shaqaynaysaa soo saaraha isku dhafan si ay u isticmaalaan dareemayaasha fiber optic-ga si ay awood ugu yeeshaan socodka xogta dhijitaalka ah iyada oo loo marayo naqshadeynta, wax soo saarka iyo adeegga (midig) si loo taageero kaararka aqoonsiga dhijitaalka ah ee taageera mataanaha dhijitaalka ah ee qayb kasta (bidix) la sameeyay. Xuquuqda sawirka: Com&Sens iyo sawirka 1, "Ingineering with Digital Threads" ee V. Singh, K. Wilcox.
Sidaa darteed, xogta dareemayaasha waxay taageertaa mataanaha dhijitaalka ah, iyo sidoo kale dunta dhijitaalka ah ee ka kooban naqshadeynta, wax soo saarka, hawlaha adeegga iyo gabowga.Marka la falanqeeyo iyada oo la adeegsanayo sirdoonka macmal ah iyo barashada mashiinka, xogtani waxay dib u soo celinaysaa naqshadeynta iyo farsamaynta, hagaajinta waxqabadka iyo joogtaynta. Tani Waxa kale oo ay badashay habka ay u wada shaqeeyaan silsiladaha sahayda hadda waxay hagaajin kartaa kobacyada ay ka kooban tahay macaamiisheeda gaarka ah, "ayuu yidhi Järveläinen, "laakiin sidoo kale waxay u ogolaataa Kiilto inuu fahmo sida resins-ku ula falgalaan hababka macaamiisha, iyo sida macaamiishu ula falgalaan badeecadahooda, taas oo isbeddelaysa sida sahayda loo sameeyo. Silsiladuhu way wada shaqayn karaan.”
OPTO-Light waxay isticmaashaa dareemayaasha Kistler, Netzsch iyo Synthesites si ay ula socdaan daawaynta heerkulbeegga heerkulbeegga ah ee qaybo CFRP ah.Sawirka credit: AZL
Dareemayaashu waxay sidoo kale taageeraan walxo cusub oo cusub iyo isku-darka habka. Lagu sifeeyay maqaalka CW 2019 ee mashruuca OPTO-Iftiinka (eeg "Thermoplastic Overmolding thermosets, 2-daqiiqo wareeg ah, Hal Battery"), AZL Aachen (Aachen, Germany) waxay isticmaashaa laba-tallaabo habka si siman u cadaadi hal Si (UD) carbon fiber / epoxy prepreg, ka dibna overmolded leh 30% fiber galaas gaaban xoojiyey PA6. Furaha waa in kaliya qayb ahaan daaweeyaan prepreg si fal-celinta hadhay ee epoxy awood u xidhitaan si thermoplastic ah. AZL waxay isticmaashaa Optimold iyo Netzsch DEA288 Epsilon analyzers oo leh Synthesites iyo Netzsch dielectric sensors iyo Kistler in-caaryada dareemayaasha iyo software DataFlow si ay u wanaajiyaan qaabeynta duritaanka." Waa inaad si qoto dheer u fahamtaa habka isku-buufinta prepreg sababtoo ah waa inaad hubisaa inaad adigu leedahay. Faham xaaladda daawaynta si loo helo xidhiidh wanaagsan oo ku saabsan qaabaynta heerkulbeegga,” ayuu yidhi injineerka cilmi-baarista AZL Richard Schares. "Mustaqbalka, geeddi-socodku wuxuu noqon karaa mid la-qabsi ah oo caqli-gal ah, wareegga habka waxaa kiciyaa calaamadaha dareemayaasha."
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, waxaa jirta dhibaato aasaasi ah, ayuu yidhi Järveläinen, "taasina waa faham la'aanta macaamiisha ee ku saabsan sida loo dhexgeliyo dareemayaasha kala duwan ee hab-socodka. Inta badan shirkadaha ma laha khabiiro dareemayaasha." Waqtigan xaadirka ah, dariiqa horay loo maro waxay u baahan tahay soosaarayaasha dareemayaasha iyo macaamiisha inay isweydaarsadaan macluumaadka gadaal iyo gadaal. Ururada sida AZL, DLR (Augsburg, Germany) iyo NCC waxay horumarinayaan khibrad dareemeyaal badan.Sause ayaa sheegay in ay jiraan kooxo gudaha UNA ah, iyo sidoo kale is-beddelka shirkadaha bixiya isdhexgalka dareemayaasha iyo adeegyada mataanaha dhijitaalka ah. Waxa uu intaa ku daray in shabakadda wax soo saarka ee Augsburg AI ay kiraysay xarun 7,000-square-mitir ah ujeedadaas, "ballaarinta naqshadaynta horumarinta CosiMo ee baaxad aad u ballaaran, oo ay ku jiraan unugyo isku xiran, halkaas oo la-hawlgalayaasha warshadaha. Waxay dhigi kartaa mishiinada, socodsiinta mashaariicda oo ay bartaan sida loo mideeyo xalalka cusub ee AI."
Carapappas wuxuu sheegay in Meggitt's muujinta dareenka dielectric ee NCC ay ahayd tillaabadii ugu horeysay ee taas. "Ugu dambeyntii, waxaan rabaa inaan kormeero hababkayga iyo socodka shaqada oo aan ku quudiyo nidaamkayaga ERP si aan u ogaado ka hor qaybaha wax soo saarka, kuwaas oo dadka aan ahay. baahida iyo agabka la dalbanayo. Automation Dijital ah ayaa horumarisa."
Ku soo dhawoow SourceBook-ka khadka tooska ah, kaas oo u dhigma daabacaadda CompositesWorld daabacaadda sannadlaha ah ee Tusaha Iibsadaha Warshadaha ee SourceBook.
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Waqtiga boostada: Meey-20-2022
